Poster - Construction Safety

Steps:

1. Conduct risk assessment.
2. Prepare Lifting Plan and safe work procedure.
3. Ensure lifting machine and lifting appliance or lifting gear are functional and in good condition.
4. Appoint trained and competent personal.
5. Establish work permit system.
6. Always monitor and supervise lifting work.

Lifting Team.

1. Supervisor
• Implement Lifting Plan.
• Supervise overall lifting works.
• Ensure lifting gear and lifting appliance are inspected periodically.
• Ensure lifting appliance and lifting gear are marked with Safe Working Load.

2. Operator Kren Crane Operator
• Provided with and maintain the operator log book.
• Provided with and maintain daily check list for components such as control mechanism, control switch, hydraulic hose and hydraulic fluid level.

3. Signalman/ Rigger
• Able to select the suitable and safe lifting gear.
• Able to direct crane and load movement.

The hierarchy of fall protection is the preferred order of control for all hazards. As the hirarchy progresses, so does the risk. Proper fall protection training and a rescue plan become mandatory.

1. Hazard Elimination
Preferred solution is to eliminate exposure to fall hazard.

2. Fall Restraint System
Physical barriers, like guardrails around unprotected edges and covers over holes.

3. Passive Fall Protection
Use personal protective equipment to restrict the worker’s range of movement so they cannot fall.

4. Fall Arrest System
Design for situation where exposure to a fall is not preventable. A fall is arrested within acceptable force and clearance.

5. Administrative Controls
Least preffered solution is the work practices or procedure that increase a worker’s awareness of a fall hazard.

1. Public safety.
2. Blasting work.
3. Falsework.
4. Work at height.
5. Work in confined space.
6. Work under the load.
7. Work at night.
8. Work with heavy machinery.
9. Excavation work.
10. Lifting work.
11. Demolition work.
12. Work near high voltage power lines.

Contents of PTW

1. Identifying hazards.
2. Assessing risks.
3. Control measures require to eliminate hazard if practical, evaluate risks that cannot be eliminated and put in place proportionate measures that control risks at source.
4. Determine who is at risk.
5. Prepare written PTW that includes:
    a. Competency level in all operation and any skill and expertise;
    b. List of isolation/ precautionary measures before work;
    c. List of prohibited activities;
    d. List of equipment and machinery;
    e. List of personal protective equipment to be used;
    f. Sequence of work;
    g. Emergency response plan; and
    h. List of personnel involved.
6. Conduct briefing to workers who work under PTW on hazards and control measures.
7. Ensure worker understand the PTW and implement it.
8. Display PTW at work site for worker’s reference.
9. Ensure clean and safe work area, and every safety switch is functional.

Introduction

Formwork and falsework are used to shape and support wet concrete into required structure.

General responsibility of duty holders

1. Principle Constructor
   • manage, monitor and coordinate construction phase;
   • ensure effective communication with the client and designer;
   • appoint designer, consultant, constructor and formwork-falsework supervisor (designated person) who are competent;
   • prepare construction phase plan and encourage cooperation among constructors and coordinate their works;
   • provide and maintain formwork and falsework that are safe;
   • establish safe systems of work for use of formwork and falsework;
   • provide information, instruction, training and supervision;
   • provide site induction training;
   • establish safe access into and egress from the site;
   • engage with workers in OSH issues; and
   • provide welfare facilities.

2. Designer (Architect, Professional Engineer)
   • ensure the safe design of structure;
   • carry out any test, examination and measures to identify, eliminate or control risks; and
   • provide information to other duty holders.

3. Constructor
   • has similar responsibilities as principle constructor; and
   • plan, manage and monitor construction works under his control.

4.  Manufacturer, supplier and importer
   • ensure structure that are manufactured, supplied or imported is safe;
   • carry out any test, examination and measures to identify, eliminate or control risks; and
   • provide information to other duty holders.

5. Worker
   • ensure his safety and health and other person who may be affected by their work;
   • wear and use protective equipment and clothing provided by employer;
   • cooperate with his employer and any other duty holder; and
   • Report any hazard and risk to his employer.

Specific responsibility of duty holders

1. Main Constructor
   • ensure sufficient strength of foundation, floor and roof;
   • ensure full regulatory compliance with regard to design, construction, inspection, supervision, stripping and reshore; and
   • comply with generally accepted principles of sound and safe practice.

2.Designer (Architect, Professional Engineer)
   • design and prepare specification and drawings of formwork-falsework;
   • supervise construction and ensure stability of structure that he designed;
   • certify that the formwork and reshore are safe;
   • prepare specification for formwork stripping and give approval prior to stripping;
   • ensure that the formwork design has safe access for inspection; and
   • comply with generally accepted principles of sound and safe practice.

3. Formwork-Falsework Supervisor
   • supervise the construction formwork, falsework, braces and other supports;
   • carry out thorough inspection regularly;
   • carry out inspection of formwork, falsework, braces and other supports during placing of concrete;
   • ensure any unsafe condition discovered during inspections is remedied immediately;
   • keep all records of inspections;
   • comply with generally accepted principles of sound and safe practice.

4. Worker/ Installer
   • ensure the way it is erected or installed are safe when properly used; dan
   • comply with generally accepted principles of sound and safe practice.